英国政府发布新的冠状病毒建议，警告英国人从九个国家飞回-Daily Mail

英国政府今晚发布了新的旅行建议，警告英国人从九个国家飞回，如果感觉略有不适，请致电NHS 111。

来自中国大陆，泰国，日本，韩国，香港，台湾，新加坡，马来西亚或澳门的乘客应致电NHS 111服务。

在包括美国，澳大利亚，新西兰和沙特阿拉伯在内的16个国家采取坚决行动之后，部长们面临越来越大的压力，要求其禁止所有旅行者携带受冠状病毒感染的中国。

政府的新建议补充说，已经确定了这9个国家，“因为来自受影响地区的航空旅行数量，对其他旅行路线的了解以及所报告病例的数量。”

唐宁街因其对疫情的“被动”反应而受到抨击，官员们因在疏散困在武汉震中的英国侨民执行任务而落后于其他国家数日之际被撕毁。

超过560人死于冠状病毒，可通过咳嗽，打喷嚏和接触受污染的表面传播。数字还显示，全球28个国家和地区已记录了近30,000例病例。

每天都有数十名来自中国和其他亚洲冠状病毒感染地区的旅行者涌入英国，而没有经过适当的感染检测测试，这促使人们呼吁实行美国式的全面禁令。

首席医学官克里斯·惠蒂教授今天下午在卫生部的新闻发布会上宣布，第十号将在今天晚些时候更新旅行建议，而英国被认为即将宣布禁止从中国入境。

简报是在英国第三次冠状病毒病例的消息传出后宣布的。官员透露，这名身份不明的病人从中国境外的一个国家飞往英国，根本没有去过大陆。他们被认为是英国人。

全科医生将在未来几天获得新的NHS指南，告诉他们要警惕亚洲其他国家（不仅是中国）有症状的患者。香港，新加坡，泰国，日本和韩国都记录了至少20起案件。

来自亚洲其他国家/地区的感到不适的人应在家中休息并立即打电话给111-该建议以前仅适用于去过武汉的人。预计今晚将有完整的国家/地区清单。

部长们拒绝透露该患者在何处感染了SARS样的感染，只是说这是“亚洲其他地方”。消息人士称，他们被送往布莱顿的皇家苏塞克斯郡医院，然后被送往伦敦的一家专业医院。

除了在过去14天内在中国旅行过的美国公民的直系亲属和永久居民外，美国暂时禁止外国人入境。

澳大利亚和新西兰也实施了同样的禁令，而日本则拒绝任何从武汉旅行的人入境，无论他们是否有症状。

每天都有数十名逃离被冠状病毒袭击的国家的乘客涌入英国，而没有经过适当的筛查或测试，没有发现这种病毒，因此呼吁采取类似的一揽子旅行禁令。

但是，尽管在技术上已于1月31日离开英国，但仍认为英国仍受欧盟移民法律的约束，有义务与欧盟就旅行限制做出的任何决定保持一致。

据说部长们正在辩论是否要实施禁令，但是政府消息人士说，如果布鲁塞尔不效仿，那将毫无意义。

由于行动自由的规定，乘客仍然可以通过另一个欧盟国家间接进入英国。

“如果其他人都不打算这样做，你们其中一个禁止飞行的意义是什么？''一位高级政府消息人士周三告诉MailOnline。 “因为你只是通过间接途径进入。”

英国脱欧党领袖奈杰尔·法拉格（Nigel Farage）昨晚表示：“我们可以监控从中国降落在英国的航班，但不能监控从中国降落在欧洲其他地方的航班。欧盟的行动自由确实使我们更加脆弱。”

在此之前，中国驻英国大使刘晓明（Liu Xiaoming）批评了英国要求其在大陆的所有30,000名公民回家的呼吁。

他说，这是反应过度，无视世界卫生组织（WHO）的建议。

晓明先生说：“（不应有任何恐慌，没有过度反应。我们建议英方接受世卫组织的专业意见。

他们告诉我们，他们将遵循世卫组织的建议。在我看来，这句话与行为不符。

“在中国大部分地区，生活仍然很正常，因此我在私人和公共场合再次重申，我希望英国政府和公众对正在发生的事情持客观，冷静的看法。我们应该互相支持，而不是削弱对方的努力。”

沙特阿拉伯的旗舰国家航空公司沙特阿拉伯已经与其他主要航空公司一起暂停了飞往中国的航班。

周日，有10名沙特学生从疫情的中心城市武汉撤离，并在抵达利雅得后隔离了两个星期。

在此之前，英国科学家声称在针对时间的竞赛中取得了突破，研制出一种疫苗，以保护数百万人免受杀手的伤害 冠状病毒。

帝国理工学院感染专家Robin Shattock教授 伦敦透露了他的小组计划下周开始对动物进行实验性刺戳的试验。

如果他们能够获得资助并且早期测试成功，那么团队将在夏天移交给人类。

全世界的研究人员都在拼命地寻找一种针对SARS样感染的疫苗，这种疫苗可以引起肺炎。

目前生产疫苗的记录时间为 寨卡，学者们花了七个月的时间才从实验室进行人体试验。

医生们担心，如果花这么长时间，这种未命名的冠状病毒可能已经席卷全球。

沙托克教授告诉 天空新闻 制作疫苗的标准方法可能需要两到三年才能“到达诊所”。

但是他补充说：“我们已经从14天开始，按照这个顺序发展为在实验室中生成候选人。

”而且我们将在下周初将其用于动物模型中。我们已经对该部分进行了简短介绍。

下一阶段将是将其从早期动物试验转移到首次人类研究中。

世界卫生组织昨天呼吁世界各国共同筹集超过十亿英镑来阻止 中国的 冠状病毒。

该组织的主任特德罗斯·格布瑞索斯（Tedros Ghebreyesus）博士昨天举行了一次会议，在会议上他呼吁捐款总计5.21亿英镑（6.75亿美元）。

目前，中国已有28,000多人感染了冠状病毒，其他国家也有260人感染了该病毒，其中565人死亡。

世卫组织的资金将用于“一线努力”，以帮助各国控制该病毒并资助试图制造疫苗的科学家，并帮助贫穷国家（可能是非洲国家）为可能的感染做准备。

Ghebreyesus博士的集会呼吁之际，英国一位领先的统计学家预测，到本月底，中国还会有3,000人死于该病毒。

伦敦帝国理工学院的退休教授，英国医学协会前主席布莱恩·贾曼博士（Brian Jarman）博士利用统计数据预测了疫情在未来三周内将如何发展。

他计算出每天诊断出多少新病例，并且诊断的速度在增加，然后将其作为公式应用于接下来的22天。

Jarman博士发现，到今天2月6日结束，可能有31,810例病例和636例死亡。

到2月13日，这一数字可能上升到67,409例，死亡1,304例。

到2月20日，共有116,444例案例和2,214例死亡，到2月29日，有199,230案例和3,741例死亡。

计算假定疫情将以其当前速率继续升级。他说，以同样的方式预测任何进一步的进展都是不准确的，因为这种病毒应该很快就会开始自然减速。

Jarman博士告诉MailOnline：“我觉得这在医学上都非常令人担忧，因为感染似乎具有相对较长的潜伏期，因此人们在意识到自己可能患有这种疾病之前会感染更长的时间，而且从经济上讲，因为中国是如此重要对世界经济的影响。”

我们对武汉冠状病毒了解多少？

科学家说，被武汉冠状病毒感染的人只需咳嗽或打喷嚏就能传播它。

现在已确认至少有566人死于该病毒，并且在至少28个国家和地区感染了28,200多人。但是专家预测，这种疾病的真实人数仅在武汉就可能达到10万人，甚至高达35万人，因为他们警告说，这种疾病可能杀死100例中的2例。到目前为止，这是我们所知道的：

武汉冠状病毒是什么？

冠状病毒是一种可以在动物和人类中引起疾病​​的病毒。病毒会侵入其宿主内的细胞，并利用它们繁殖自身并破坏人体的正常功能。冠状病毒以拉丁词“ Corona”命名，意为冠，因为它们被类似王冠的尖刺外壳所包裹。

来自武汉的冠状病毒是在这次暴发前从未见过的一种。它的当前名称为2019-nCoV，并没有更详细的名称，因为对此知之甚少。

Pirbright研究所的Helena Maier博士说：“冠状病毒是一种病毒家族，可感染人类，牛，猪，鸡，狗，猫和野生动物等多种物种。

直到鉴定出这种新的冠状病毒，只有六种不同的冠状病毒感染人类。其中四种引起轻度普通感冒型疾病，但是自2002年以来，出现了两种新的冠状病毒，它们可以感染人类并导致更严重的疾病（严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）和中东呼吸综合征（MERS）冠状病毒）。

众所周知，冠状病毒有时能够从一种物种跳到另一种，而SARS，MERS和新的冠状病毒就是这种情况。新的冠状病毒的动物来源尚不清楚。

在医务人员于12月31日开始发现感染后，中国武汉市公开报告了第一例人类感染病例。

截至1月8日，已报告了59起可疑病例，有7人处于危急状态。为新病毒开发了测试，记录的病例开始激增。

第一人在该周死亡，到1月16日，两人死亡，确诊41例。第二天，科学家预测有1,700人被感染，可能多达7,000人。

仅仅一周之后，已经确认了800多例病例，这些科学家还估计，仅武汉一地就感染了4000例，可能是9700例。到那时，已有26人死亡。

到1月27日，已确认超过2800人被感染，其中81人死亡，仅武汉一地，估计病例总数就在10万至35万之间。

到1月29日，死亡人数上升到132人，案件超过6,000起。

病毒来自哪里？

据科学家称，这种病毒几乎肯定来自蝙蝠。冠状病毒通常倾向于起源于动物-相似的SARS和MERS病毒被认为分别起源于狸猫和骆驼。

武汉的首例病毒来自在该市的动物市场中访问或工作的人们，该市场已被关闭以进行调查。

尽管该市场正式是海鲜市场，但那里还出售了其他死活动物，包括狼崽，sal，蛇，孔雀，豪猪和骆驼肉。

武汉病毒研究所于2020年2月在《自然》杂志上发表的一项研究发现，在中国患者中发现的基因组成病毒样本与在蝙蝠中发现的冠状病毒相似率为96％。

研究人员认为，也许有一种动物扮演了中间人的角色，从蝙蝠身上将其收缩，然后再将其传播给人类，尽管这一细节尚不清楚。

伦敦帝国理工学院的病毒学家迈克尔•斯金纳（Michael Skinner）博士并未参与这项研究，但他说：“这项发现无疑将nCoV的起源定位于中国蝙蝠。

'We still do not know whether another species served as an intermediate host to amplify the virus, and possibly even to bring it to the market, nor what species that host might have been.'

So far the fatalities are quite low. Why are health experts so worried about it?

Experts say the international community is concerned about the virus because so little is known about it and it appears to be spreading quickly.

It is similar to SARS, which infected 8,000 people and killed nearly 800 in an outbreak in Asia in 2003, in that it is a type of coronavirus which infects humans' lungs.

Another reason for concern is that nobody has any immunity to the virus because they've never encountered it before. This means it may be able to cause more damage than viruses we come across often, like the flu or common cold.

Speaking at a briefing in January, Oxford University professor, Dr Peter Horby, said: 'Novel viruses can spread much faster through the population than viruses which circulate all the time because we have no immunity to them.

'Most seasonal flu viruses have a case fatality rate of less than one in 1,000 people. Here we're talking about a virus where we don't understand fully the severity spectrum but it's possible the case fatality rate could be as high as two per cent.'

If the death rate is truly two per cent, that means two out of every 100 patients who get it will die.

'My feeling is it's lower,' Dr Horby added. 'We're probably missing this iceberg of milder cases. But that's the current circumstance we're in.

'Two per cent case fatality rate is comparable to the Spanish Flu pandemic in 1918 so it is a significant concern globally.'

How does the virus spread?

The illness can spread between people just through coughs and sneezes, making it an extremely contagious infection. And it may also spread even before someone has symptoms.

It is believed to travel in the saliva and even through water in the eyes, therefore close contact, kissing, and sharing cutlery or utensils are all risky.

Originally, people were thought to be catching it from a live animal market in Wuhan city. But cases soon began to emerge in people who had never been there, which forced medics to realise it was spreading from person to person.

There is now evidence that it can spread third hand – to someone from a person who caught it from another person.

What does the virus do to you? What are the symptoms?

Once someone has caught the virus it may take between two and 14 days for them to show any symptoms – but they may still be contagious during this time.

If and when they do become ill, typical signs include a runny nose, a cough, sore throat and a fever (high temperature). The vast majority of patients – at least 97 per cent, based on available data – will recover from these without any issues or medical help.

In a small group of patients, who seem mainly to be the elderly or those with long-term illnesses, it can lead to pneumonia. Pneumonia is an infection in which the insides of the lungs swell up and fill with fluid. It makes it increasingly difficult to breathe and, if left untreated, can be fatal and suffocate people.

What have genetic tests revealed about the virus?

Scientists in China have recorded the genetic sequences of around 19 strains of the virus and released them to experts working around the world.

This allows others to study them, develop tests and potentially look into treating the illness they cause.

Examinations have revealed the coronavirus did not change much – changing is known as mutating – much during the early stages of its spread.

However, the director-general of China's Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Gao Fu, yesterday said the virus was mutating and adapting as it spread through people.

This means efforts to study the virus and to potentially control it may be made extra difficult because the virus might look different every time scientists analyse it.

More study may be able to reveal whether the virus first infected a small number of people then change and spread from them, or whether there were various versions of the virus coming from animals which have developed separately.

How dangerous is the virus?

The virus has so far killed 566 people out of a total of at least 28,000 officially confirmed cases – a death rate of around two per cent. This is a similar death rate to the Spanish Flu outbreak which, in 1918, went on to kill around 50million people.

However, experts say the true number of patients is likely considerably higher and therefore the death rate considerably lower. Imperial College London researchers estimate that there were 4,000 (up to 9,700) cases in Wuhan city alone up to January 18 – officially there were only 444 there to date. If cases are in fact 100 times more common than the official figures, the virus may be far less dangerous than currently believed.

Experts say it is likely only the most seriously ill patients are seeking help and are therefore recorded – the vast majority will have only mild, cold-like symptoms. For those whose conditions do become more severe, there is a risk of developing pneumonia which can destroy the lungs and kill you.

Can the virus be cured?

The Wuhan coronavirus cannot currently be cured and it is proving difficult to contain.

Antibiotics do not work against viruses, so they are out of the question. Antiviral drugs can, but the process of understanding a virus then developing and producing drugs to treat it would take years and huge amounts of money.

No vaccine exists for the coronavirus yet and it's not likely one will be developed in time to be of any use in this outbreak, for similar reasons to the above.

The National Institutes of Health in the US, and Baylor University in Waco, Texas, say they are working on a vaccine based on what they know about coronaviruses in general, using information from the SARS outbreak. But this may take a year or more to develop, according to Pharmaceutical Technology。

Currently, governments and health authorities are working to contain the virus and to care for patients who are sick and stop them infecting other people.

People who catch the illness are being quarantined in hospitals, where their symptoms can be treated and they will be away from the uninfected public.

And airports around the world are putting in place screening measures such as having doctors on-site, taking people's temperatures to check for fevers and using thermal screening to spot those who might be ill (infection causes a raised temperature).

However, it can take weeks for symptoms to appear, so there is only a small likelihood that patients will be spotted up in an airport.

Is this outbreak an epidemic or a pandemic?

The outbreak is an epidemic, which is when a disease takes hold of one community such as a country or region.

Although it has spread to dozens of countries, the outbreak is not yet classed as a pandemic, which is defined by the World Health Organization as the 'worldwide spread of a new disease'.

The head of WHO's global infectious hazard preparedness, Dr Sylvie Briand, said: 'Currently we are not in a pandemic. We are at the phase where it is an epidemic with multiple foci, and we try to extinguish the transmission in each of these foci,' the Guardian reported.

She said that most cases outside of Hubei had been 'spillover' from the epicentre, so the disease wasn't actually spreading actively around the world.